Isaiah 36–39 · ASV · Lesson 1 of 13
Hezekiah’s Tests and Deliverance
The final chapters of Hezekiah’s life: the strategies Assyria used against Judah, Hezekiah’s moments of strength and weakness through the siege, his healing and the envoys from Babylon, and the warnings Isaiah delivered — warnings more relevant to us today than we might expect.
The passage · ASV
Isaiah 36–39
Read the passage · 90 verses
Isaiah 36
1Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.
2And the king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem unto king Hezekiah with a great army. And he stood by the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller’s field.
3Then came forth unto him Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph, the recorder.
4And Rabshakeh said unto them, Say ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this wherein thou trustest?
5I say, thy counsel and strength for the war are but vain words: now on whom dost thou trust, that thou hast rebelled against me?
6Behold, thou trustest upon the staff of this bruised reed, even upon Egypt, whereon if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it: so is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all that trust on him.
7But if thou say unto me, We trust in Jehovah our God: is not that he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and hath said to Judah and to Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar?
8Now therefore, I pray thee, give pledges to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them.
9How then canst thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master’s servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen?
10And am I now come up without Jehovah against this land to destroy it? Jehovah said unto me, Go up against this land, and destroy it.
11Then said Eliakim and Shebna and Joah unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, unto thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and speak not to us in the Jews’ language, in the ears of the people that are on the wall.
12But Rabshakeh said, Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?
13Then Rabshakeh stood, and cried with a loud voice in the Jews’ language, and said, Hear ye the words of the great king, the king of Assyria.
14Thus saith the king, Let not Hezekiah deceive you; for he will not be able to deliver you:
15neither let Hezekiah make you trust in Jehovah, saying, Jehovah will surely deliver us; this city shall not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.
16Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig-tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his own cistern;
17until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards.
18Beware lest Hezekiah persuade you, saying, Jehovah will deliver us. Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria?
19Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim? and have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?
20Who are they among all the gods of these countries, that have delivered their country out of my hand, that Jehovah should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand?
21But they held their peace, and answered him not a word; for the king’s commandment was, saying, Answer him not.
22Then came Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, that was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph, the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh.
Isaiah 37
1And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of Jehovah.
2And he sent Eliakim, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, unto Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz.
3And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of contumely; for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth.
4It may be Jehovah thy God will hear the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to defy the living God, and will rebuke the words which Jehovah thy God hath heard: wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that is left.
5So the servants of king Hezekiah came to Isaiah.
6And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say to your master, Thus saith Jehovah, Be not afraid of the words that thou hast heard, wherewith the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.
7Behold, I will put a spirit in him, and he shall hear tidings, and shall return unto his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.
8So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish.
9And he heard say concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, He is come out to fight against thee. And when he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying,
10Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, Let not thy God in whom thou trustest deceive thee, saying, Jerusalem shall not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.
11Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly: and shalt thou be delivered?
12Have the gods of the nations delivered them, which my fathers have destroyed, Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden that were in Telassar?
13Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?
14And Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read it; and Hezekiah went up unto the house of Jehovah, and spread it before Jehovah.
15And Hezekiah prayed unto Jehovah, saying,
16O Jehovah of hosts, the God of Israel, that sittest above the cherubim, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; thou hast made heaven and earth.
17Incline thine ear, O Jehovah, and hear; open thine eyes, O Jehovah, and see; and hear all the words of Sennacherib, who hath sent to defy the living God.
18Of a truth, Jehovah, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the countries, and their land,
19and have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men’s hands, wood and stone; therefore they have destroyed them.
20Now therefore, O Jehovah our God, save us from his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art Jehovah, even thou only.
21Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent unto Hezekiah, saying, Thus saith Jehovah, the God of Israel, Whereas thou hast prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria,
22this is the word which Jehovah hath spoken concerning him: The virgin daughter of Zion hath despised thee and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.
23Whom hast thou defied and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel.
24By thy servants hast thou defied the Lord, and hast said, With the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the innermost parts of Lebanon; and I will cut down the tall cedars thereof, and the choice fir-trees thereof; and I will enter into its farthest height, the forest of its fruitful field;
25I have digged and drunk water, and with the sole of my feet will I dry up all the rivers of Egypt.
26Hast thou not heard how I have done it long ago, and formed it of ancient times? now have I brought it to pass, that it should be thine to lay waste fortified cities into ruinous heaps.
27Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as a field of grain before it is grown up.
28But I know thy sitting down, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and thy raging against me.
29Because of thy raging against me, and because thine arrogancy is come up into mine ears, therefore will I put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest.
30And this shall be the sign unto thee: ye shall eat this year that which groweth of itself, and in the second year that which springeth of the same; and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the fruit thereof.
31And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall again take root downward, and bear fruit upward.
32For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and out of mount Zion they that shall escape. The zeal of Jehovah of hosts will perform this.
33Therefore thus saith Jehovah concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not come unto this city, nor shoot an arrow there, neither shall he come before it with shield, nor cast up a mound against it.
34By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, and he shall not come unto this city, saith Jehovah.
35For I will defend this city to save it, for mine own sake, and for my servant David’s sake.
36And the angel of Jehovah went forth, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians a hundred and fourscore and five thousand; and when men arose early in the morning, behold, these were all dead bodies.
37So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh.
38And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Ararat. And Esar-haddon his son reigned in his stead.
Isaiah 38
1In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came to him, and said unto him, Thus saith Jehovah, Set thy house in order; for thou shalt die, and not live.
2Then Hezekiah turned his face to the wall, and prayed unto Jehovah,
3and said, Remember now, O Jehovah, I beseech thee, how I have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done that which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept sore.
4Then came the word of Jehovah to Isaiah, saying,
5Go, and say to Hezekiah, Thus saith Jehovah, the God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears: behold, I will add unto thy days fifteen years.
6And I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria; and I will defend this city.
7And this shall be the sign unto thee from Jehovah, that Jehovah will do this thing that he hath spoken:
8behold, I will cause the shadow on the steps, which is gone down on the dial of Ahaz with the sun, to return backward ten steps. So the sun returned ten steps on the dial whereon it was gone down.
9The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and was recovered of his sickness.
10I said, In the noontide of my days I shall go into the gates of Sheol: I am deprived of the residue of my years.
11I said, I shall not see Jehovah, even Jehovah in the land of the living: I shall behold man no more with the inhabitants of the world.
12My dwelling is removed, and is carried away from me as a shepherd’s tent: I have rolled up, like a weaver, my life; he will cut me off from the loom: From day even to night wilt thou make an end of me.
13I quieted myself until morning; as a lion, so he breaketh all my bones: From day even to night wilt thou make an end of me.
14Like a swallow or a crane, so did I chatter; I did moan as a dove; mine eyes fail with looking upward: O Lord, I am oppressed, be thou my surety.
15What shall I say? he hath both spoken unto me, and himself hath done it: I shall go softly all my years because of the bitterness of my soul.
16O Lord, by these things men live; And wholly therein is the life of my spirit: Wherefore recover thou me, and make me to live.
17Behold, it was for my peace that I had great bitterness: But thou hast in love to my soul delivered it from the pit of corruption; For thou hast cast all my sins behind thy back.
18For Sheol cannot praise thee, death cannot celebrate thee: They that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth.
19The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day: The father to the children shall make known thy truth.
20Jehovah is ready to save me: Therefore we will sing my songs with stringed instruments All the days of our life in the house of Jehovah.
21Now Isaiah had said, Let them take a cake of figs, and lay it for a plaster upon the boil, and he shall recover.
22Hezekiah also had said, What is the sign that I shall go up to the house of Jehovah?
Isaiah 39
1At that time Merodach-baladan the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah; for he heard that he had been sick, and was recovered.
2And Hezekiah was glad of them, and showed them the house of his precious things, the silver, and the gold, and the spices, and the precious oil, and all the house of his armor, and all that was found in his treasures: there was nothing in his house, nor in all his dominion, that Hezekiah showed them not.
3Then came Isaiah the prophet unto king Hezekiah, and said unto him, What said these men? and from whence came they unto thee? And Hezekiah said, They are come from a far country unto me, even from Babylon.
4Then said he, What have they seen in thy house? And Hezekiah answered, All that is in my house have they seen: there is nothing among my treasures that I have not showed them.
5Then said Isaiah to Hezekiah, Hear the word of Jehovah of hosts:
6Behold, the days are coming, when all that is in thy house, and that which thy fathers have laid up in store until this day, shall be carried to Babylon: nothing shall be left, saith Jehovah.
7And of thy sons that shall issue from thee, whom thou shalt beget, shall they take away; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon.
8Then said Hezekiah unto Isaiah, Good is the word of Jehovah which thou hast spoken. He said moreover, For there shall be peace and truth in my days.
Part 1 · Isaiah 36:1–22
The Assyrian Strategy
These events come late in the 8th century BC, in the reign of Hezekiah (somewhere between 715 and 686 BC). The northern kingdom of Israel has already been conquered (around 722 BC), and now Sennacherib, king of Assyria, has come up against all the fortified cities of Judah and taken them (36:1). God had selected Assyria to be “the rod of mine anger” (Isaiah 10:5), and Judah had been warned not to rely on outside alliances (Isaiah 30–31).
Sennacherib sends the Rabshakeh to Jerusalem with a great army, and his speech is a deliberate strategy. He undermines trust in Hezekiah: “What confidence is this wherein thou trustest?” (verses 4–6). He mocks their faith, turning Hezekiah’s removal of the high places and altars into an offense against the Lord (verse 7). He boasts in Assyria’s strength, offering two thousand horses if Judah can even find riders for them (verses 8–9). He tries to redirect God’s blessing to Assyria: “Jehovah said unto me, Go up against this land, and destroy it” (verse 10).
Then he speaks past the officials to the people on the wall. He provides false hope — make peace, come out, and eat every one of his own vine and fig tree, until he takes them away “to a land like your own land” (verses 16–17). And he attacks their faith directly: the gods of Hamath, Arpad and Sepharvaim did not deliver their lands, so why should the Lord deliver Jerusalem (verses 18–20)?
These are Satan’s strategies as well. He discredits godly leadership, twists truth into falsehood, promotes trust in power rather than in God, misuses God’s word to justify ungodly actions, provides appeals to emotional responses, and relativizes God, belittling His significance, power and authority.
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Question 1. What tactics did the Assyrians use to erode the people’s trust in both Hezekiah and God? How do similar strategies work in our world today?
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Question 2. The Rabshakeh claimed, “Jehovah said unto me, Go up against this land, and destroy it” (36:10). Was there any truth in this?
Part 2 · Isaiah 37:1–20
Hezekiah’s Response
Hezekiah immediately seeks out the Lord. He tears his clothes, covers himself with sackcloth, and goes into the house of the Lord (37:1). He acknowledges his need — “the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth” — and sends to Isaiah, asking him to “lift up thy prayer for the remnant that is left” (verses 3–4). And he accepts God’s word through the prophet: “Be not afraid of the words that thou hast heard” (verses 6–7).
When Sennacherib sends a letter repeating his threats, Hezekiah spreads it before the Lord and prays earnestly (verses 14–20). He confesses that the Lord alone is God of all the kingdoms of the earth, and asks Him to save them “that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art Jehovah, even thou only.”
This is a far better reaction than bribery and trusting man. When Sennacherib first came against Judah’s cities, Hezekiah sent word, “I have offended; return from me,” and paid the tribute with the silver of the house of the Lord and the gold stripped from the temple doors (2 Kings 18:14–16) — the very reliance on man that Isaiah had warned against (Isaiah 31). Reliance on God is not weakness: “My grace is sufficient for thee: for my power is made perfect in weakness” (2 Corinthians 12:9–10).
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Question 3. How does Hezekiah’s initial response to the Assyrian threat contrast with his later response to the threat of death? What should we learn from his responses?
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Question 4. Isaiah repeatedly speaks the word of the Lord into dire situations. What role does prophetic truth play when fear and reason seem to contradict faith? Do we have equivalents today?
Part 3 · Isaiah 37:21–38
God’s Reassurance of Victory
God answers Hezekiah’s prayer through Isaiah. Sennacherib has defied the Holy One of Israel, but God will put His hook in his nose and turn him back by the way he came; he will not come into the city or shoot an arrow there (37:21–34). And God gives His reason: “For I will defend this city to save it, for mine own sake, and for my servant David’s sake” (verse 35). That night the angel of the Lord struck down 185,000 in the Assyrian camp, and Sennacherib returned to Nineveh, where his own sons killed him (verses 36–38).
God’s promises are eternal; He had made His covenant with David (2 Samuel 7), and He keeps it. God will be glorified, not Judah — exactly what Hezekiah had prayed for (verse 20). God is the deliverer, not Judah (compare Romans 5). And this statement links the preservation and restoration of Jerusalem to the coming of the ultimate Son of David.
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Question 5. Why do you think God emphasized that He would save Jerusalem “for His own sake and for the sake of David”? What comfort would this have given His people then as well as today?
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Question 6. If God had saved them because of their own actions, why would this have been a problem?
Part 4 · Isaiah 38:1–22
The Healing of Hezekiah
Hezekiah is given a grave diagnosis: “Set thy house in order; for thou shalt die, and not live” (38:1). And yet he still turns to the Lord for mercy, turning his face to the wall, praying, and weeping sore (verses 2–3). God hears his prayer and sees his tears; He gives him fifteen more years, promises to deliver him and the city from the king of Assyria, and gives a sign — the shadow on the dial of Ahaz goes back ten steps (verses 4–8).
Could Hezekiah have done more in response to the healing? The parallel accounts answer plainly: “Hezekiah rendered not again according to the benefit done unto him; for his heart was lifted up: therefore there was wrath upon him, and upon Judah and Jerusalem” (2 Chronicles 32:25; compare 2 Kings 20:12–13). Yet he humbled himself for the pride of his heart, so that the wrath of the Lord did not come in his days (2 Chronicles 32:26).
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Question 7. What lessons can we draw from the healing of Hezekiah in chapter 38?
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Question 8. Why is this sign significant?
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Question 9. Could Hezekiah have done more in response to the healing?
Part 5 · Isaiah 39:1–7
Hezekiah and Babylon
Hezekiah’s recovery became well known — but to whose credit? Merodach-baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present, for he had heard that Hezekiah had been sick and recovered (39:1). Then Hezekiah’s pride took over. He was glad of the envoys and showed them his silver and gold, spices and precious oil, and all his armory: “there was nothing in his house, nor in all his dominion, that Hezekiah showed them not” (verses 2–3).
Isaiah asks who these men were and what they had seen, and then delivers the word of the Lord: all that was in Hezekiah’s house would be carried to Babylon, and some of his own sons would be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon (verses 3–7). What comes before destruction? “Pride goeth before destruction, And a haughty spirit before a fall” (Proverbs 16:18; compare Galatians 6:3). Our legacy is not the riches we accumulate but rather a life of faithful service (2 Timothy 4:7–8).
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Question 10. Why was Hezekiah’s decision to show the Babylonian envoys all his treasures seen as foolish, and what does this teach us about pride, legacy, and short-sightedness in leadership or personal life?
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Question 11. What comes before destruction?
Part 6 · Isaiah 39:8
Babylon’s Invasion Foretold
Hezekiah answers Isaiah, “Good is the word of Jehovah which thou hast spoken. He said moreover, For there shall be peace and truth in my days” (39:8; “At least there will be peace and truth in my days” in many versions). He affirms that God’s word is true and good, showing faithful acceptance, unlike other kings who might have raged or rebelled.
There are a variety of views on his second remark: gratitude for delayed judgment (faithful acceptance), short-sighted comfort (selfish resignation), or a mix of the two. On one hand he trusted God’s word and accepted it; on the other, he seemed content with peace in his own time without interceding for the generations to come.
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Question 12. After being told of the judgment that would come upon his descendants, Hezekiah responded, “There will be peace and truth in my days.” How do you interpret that response — was it faithful acceptance or selfish resignation? What might we learn from that tension for how we think about future generations?
Part 7 · Isaiah 36–39
Lessons for Today
Our walk in faith should not be a solo journey; God’s works are to be made known “to their children; That the generation to come might know them” (Psalm 78:5–7; Deuteronomy 6:6–7). Prayerful intercession for others is a sign of strength, not weakness (Isaiah 36–37).
Focus on today’s challenges, aware that a tomorrow may come: “So teach us to number our days, That we may get us a heart of wisdom” (Psalm 90:12; James 4:14). And our legacy is not defined by what we accumulate: “Greater joy have I none than this, to hear of my children walking in the truth” (3 John 1:4).
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Question 13. Across these chapters, how does Hezekiah’s faith both shine and falter? What does his example teach us about the complex nature of spiritual leadership and the grace God shows to imperfect people?